Served below are tidbits of Knowledge & relevant (useful!) news; let’s see how this plays out 🙂
Wishes for a Pleasant & Productive Week!
A. Current scientific literature review:
- “Influence of phase change material on concrete behavior for construction 3D printing“, Authors: Qamar Shahzad, Junyi Shen, Rabia Naseem, Yonggang Yao, Saad Waqar, Wenqiang Liu (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> justified/proven cost-effectiveness of optimized material when used for the C3DP process.
- “Bending behaviour of steel cable reinforced 3D printed concrete in the direction perpendicular to the interfaces“, Authors: Jianzhuang Xiao, Zixuan Chen, Tao Ding, Shuai Zou (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> The reinforcement method proposed in this study greatly improved the bending behaviour of 3DPC specimens in the direction perpendicular to the interfaces.
- “Shear-thickening behavior of sustainable cement paste — Controlling physical parameters of new sources of supplementary cementitious materials“, Authors: Houssam Kemer, Rachid Bouras, Noureddine Mesboua, Mohammed Sonebi, Oliver Kinnane (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> …. three main contributions: (i) Based on the win–win concept, low evolution on shear thickening (n = 1.31 max) of sustainable cement pastes based new sources of SCMs (CD and CB) has been registered compared to previous researches under same conditions, with addition of the environmental impact including its carbon footprint reduction without forgetting less energy associated with proposed SCMs production; (ii) The ability to correlate the physical parameters of SCMs and SP type with shear-thickening intensity; (iii) a significant information and data for optimal concrete design and their application.
- “Expansive cementitious materials to improve micro-cable reinforcement bond in 3D concrete printing“, Authors: Zhijian Li, Guowei Ma, Fang Wang, Li Wang, Jay Sanjayan (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> …. this study pioneers a technique to simultaneously include a liquid agent and a solid reinforcement into concrete filaments during the 3D printing process. It paves a new route for multi-deposition in 3D concrete printing.
- “3D printable concrete with natural and recycled coarse aggregates: Rheological, mechanical and shrinkage behaviour“, Authors: A.V. Rahul, Manu K. Mohan, Geert De Schutter, Kim Van Tittelboom (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> …. coarse aggregates can be successfully utilized in printable concrete formulations to achieve economic benefits and improve shrinkage cracking resistance. For lower replacement levels (30 vol % considered in the current study), the use of recycled aggregates can be a good alternative to using natural aggregates without causing a significant reduction in mechanical properties.
- “Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable polymer fibre-reinforced high-performance cementitious composite“, Authors: Luong Pham, Biranchi Panda, Phuong Tran (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> …. The presence of fibre with relatively small volume fraction (0.2%) leads to a noticeable increase in yield stress, flow loss and green strength.
- “Mechanical anisotropy of ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete for 3D printing“, Authors: Yekai Yang, Chengqing Wu, Zhongxian Liu, Hailiang Wang, Quanchang Ren (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … the effect of steel fibre content and length, preparation method, and loading direction on the mechanical properties of 3DP-UHPFRC was evaluated through the compressive, flexural, splitting tensile, and uniaxial tensile tests, and the anisotropy of 3DP-UHPFRC was analysed.
- “3-D Printer Robot for Civil Construction: A Bond Graph Approach“, Authors: V. Khandelwal, V. Bhatia, V. Dogra, S. Sharma, V. Chhabra, R. Singh, D. Kumar, T. K. Bera (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Three lead screws will provide the movement in the vertical as well as in horizontal directions and a nozzle connected to the horizontal lead screw will be used for pouring the construction-material layer by layer. Thereafter, structural analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) has been done on critical parts like lead screw and top plate. Bond graphs for buggy and overall lead screw system have also been used to analyze the response of the system.
- “DFAB HOUSE: implications of a building-scale demonstrator for adoption of digital fabrication in AEC“, Authors: Konrad Graser, Aniko Kahlert, Daniel M. Hall (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Using Qualitative Content Analysis, we provide an overview of the challenges to consider and the strategies available to successfully adopt DFAB technologies in construction projects, establishing a socio-technical framework for DFAB adoption in AEC projects.
- “Statistical analysis of sustainable geopolymer concrete“, Authors: Y.S.N. Kishore, Sai Geeta Devi, Nadimpalli, Ashish Kumar Potnuru, Jayaprakash Vemuri, Mohd Ataullah Khan (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Due to the alkaline activators’ sticky nature leading to an improved bond strength, geopolymer cements have attracted extrusion-based concrete 3D printing industry and also an increased paste to aggregate bond strength is observed in geopolymer based concrete.
- “A study on thermal behaviour of a 3D printer and extruded material with thermal imaging method“, Authors: Serdar Arhan, Semih Yilmaz, Kerim Deniz Kaya, Kubilay Bayramoglu (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … thermal behaviour and temperature distribution between printed deposition material, printing platform and 3D printing components are obtained concerning time.
- “Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing—A Green and Viable Solution“, Authors: Inka Mai ,Leon Brohmann, Niklas Freund, Stefan Gantner, Harald Kloft, Dirk Lowke, Norman Hack (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … the surface finishing of the edges using subtractive milling allows for the production of precise visual and functional surfaces, and offers a good contrast to the otherwise rough surfaces delivered with the LP3DCP process.
- “Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Mechanical Testing of Complex Structural Rock Masses“, Authors: Yingjie Xia, Qingkun Meng, Chuanqing Zhang, Ning Liu, Zhenxing Zhao, Jun Chen, Gao Yang (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Due to the size effect of rock masses and anisotropic characteristics of the 3D printed specimens, it is necessary for the 3D printers to have high precision, be able to print large specimens, be suitable for long-term printing, and have the capability to print using different types of materials.
- “Mobile 3D Printing Robot Simulation with Viscoelastic Fluids“, Authors: Uljad Berdica, Yuewei Fu, Yuchen Liu, Emmanouil Angelidis, Chen Feng (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … This new approach to simulation solves the computationally costly bottlenecks of mesh-based simulation by adding an external meshing module which lets the user choose the implicit surface generation method and the resolution.
- “Incorporation of Phase Change Materials and Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Geopolymer Development“, Author: Ahmed Nmiri (link)
- Chapter in “Advances in Geopolymer-Zeolite Composites – Synthesis and Characterization“
- “Fresh properties of 3D printed mortar with recycled powder“, Authors: Shaodan Hou, Jianzhuang Xiao, Zhenhua Duan, Guowei Ma (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The flowability, open time, penetration resistance stress, mechanical properties, hydration heat, extrudability and buildability of fresh 3DPM have been intensively studied.
- “Rheology of fresh cement pastes modified with nanoclay-coated cements“, Authors: AlaEddin Douba, Siwei Ma, Shiho Kawashima (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … NC increases C–S–H growth and potentially surface-based C–S–H nucleation, which corresponds to increased rigidification and stiffness. The effect of NC on static yield stress, storage modulus and its storage modulus evolution can lead to high buildability and shape stability for 3DCP.
- “Advanced honeycomb designs for improving mechanical properties: A review“, Authors: Chang Qi, Feng Jiang, Shu Yang (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The novel honeycombs with advanced designs have high stiffness, strength and energy absorption, low mass density, and large range of Poisson’s ratio under different load conditions.
- “A review on the energy absorption response and structural applications of auxetic structures“, Authors: Matheus Brendon Francisco, João Luiz Junho Pereira, Guilherme Antônio Oliver, Lucas Ramon Roque da Silva, Sebastião Simões Cunha Jr, Guilherme Ferreira Gomes (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … This manuscript has more than 150 papers as a reference about energy absorption of auxetic structures and shows how several authors have approached the subject and how research in this field has progressed.
- “Hierarchical alignment of 3D print with tool path based on microstructure“, Authors: Yifan Yang, Yutaka Ohtake, Tatsuya Yatagawa, Hiromasa Suzuki (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The proposed method first estimates the build direction and then aligns the 3D print with the tool path along the build direction. Finally, each layer of the 3D print is aligned with its corresponding layer of the tool path in the horizontal direction. The alignment result can be confirmed through the slice view.
- “Effect of vibratory mixing on the slump, compressive strength, and density of concrete with the different mix proportions“, Authors: Kaiyin Zhao, Lijun Zhao, Jinru Hou, Xiaobo Zhang, Zhongxu Feng, Shimin Yang (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The dispersion of vibration mixing on the cement particles increased the workability, uniformity, and density without decreasing the compressive strength of concrete. The effect of vibratory mixing is more significant for the slump of concrete with a high w/c ratio and compressive strength of concrete with a low w/c ratio.
- “Mechanisms and Mechanics of Bonding in 3D Printed Materials Systems based on Traditional Mould Materials“, Authors: Solaman B. Selvaraj, Sarat Singamneni (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … There is a notable deviation could be observed comparing the compressive strength at three different states.
- “Advanced 3D Textile Applications for the Building Envelope“, Authors: Claudia Lüling, Petra Rucker-Gramm, Agnes Weilandt, Johanna Beuscher, Dominik Nagel, Jens Schneider, Andreas Maier, Hans-Jürgen Bauder, Timo Weimer (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Frankfurt UAS’s projects demonstrate new options for sustainable, lightweight and highly functional building elements for the future.
- “Promising Sustainable Models Toward Water, Air, and Solid Sustainable Management in the View of SDGs“, Authors: Islam A. Abdelhafeez, Seeram Ramakrishna (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … In line with the view of the 2030 SDGs, we proposed some sustainable models that provide strategic solutions to keep up the energy demand and prevent environmental damage.
- “Acoustic Emission Monitoring of the Powder Bed Fusion Process with Machine learning“, MSc Thesis, by Mohammad Ghayoomi Mohammadi (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … this thesis suggested multiple machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition and classification with the goal of defect detection, such as detecting cracks and porosities.
- “3D Printing in the Context of Cloud Manufacturing“, Authors: Jin Cui, Lei Ren, Jingeng Mai, Pai Zheng, Lin Zhang (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The research will provide a valuable theoretical and practical reference to the future development and deployment of 3D printing clouds, and promote a novel 3D printing business model in a service-oriented manner to achieve mass customization in Industry 4.0.
- “Digital Technology in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry: Research trend and Practical Status towards Construction 4.0“, Authors: Kaiyang Wang, Fangyu Guo, Cheng Zhang, Jianli Hao, Dirk Schaefer (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … In this study, multiple databases were utilized to identify 65 technologies applied in the AEC industry. Based on the Scopus database, the top ten technologies that have been mostly researched from 2010 to 2021 are presented, including BIM, AI, 3D Printing, Machine Learning, IoT, GIS, VR, Big Data, Robotics and AR.
- “Review on 3D Printing and its Applications in Engineering“, Authors: Priyank Kothari, Gaurav Parate, Chinmay Kulkarni, Nilakshi Soitkar, Girish Khot (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … Compared to the increasing sales every year, and 3D printing still under development, it cannot be considered as a substitute to the traditional methods, but for sure can be considered as a lending hand to the traditional methods. The skills required to carry out the processes must be addressed if people look at additive manufacturing as a replacement to the traditional methods. These skills are vital and should be nurtured, partnerships from universities and workshops and training programmes are one of the few ways to make sure that the skilled and talented group of people is built.
- “Remote 3D Printing for the Integration of Clay-based Materials in Sustainable Architectural Fabrication“, Authors: Yomna K. Abdallah, Secil Afsar, Alberto T. Estévez, Oleg Popov (link), Chapter in the book “Renewable Energy for Mitigating Climate Change“
- “Adaptive Concrete 3D Printing Based on industrial Robotics“, Author: Ruiming Hu (link), MSc Thesis
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … 6 FUTURE WORK AND RECOMMENDATIONS: “6.1 robot control” Real-time control (RTC) of industrial robot is able to update trajectory in real-time depending on the features of printed object which can reduce the errors that came from the difference between actual object and desired object. This process could be implemented by TCP or UDP communication protocol or robot control system (ROS) based on these to send motion instructions to the robot in real-time. Also, KUKA industry provides some add-on package on controller, such as robot sensor interface (RSI) or Ethernet KRL interface (EKI) to help customers to simplify this development process. This real-time control of industrial robot could help robot to complete basic pick-and-place task in manufacturing scenario based on a vision input. (L. Rogers, H. J. Vermaak, 2017) and even Human-robot physical interaction and collaboration (Milad Geravand, et al, 2013). Incomparison, it requires high response speed and accuracy in 3D printing scenario. As the result, the time delay between sending command and execution of robot need to be considered.
- “Acoustic behaviour of 3D-printable cement mortarts functionalized with recycled tire rubber aggregates“, Authors: Matteo Sambucci, Marco Valente (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> … The viscoelastic nature of rubber aggregates enhances the material’s damping, resulting in lightweight cementitious compounds with improved sound insulation behaviour. In this regard, particles size gradation is crucial.
- “Effect of A Novel Shrinkage-reducing Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Mortars“, Authors: Jian Zhang, Yuefeng Ma, Haixin Zhao, Jiaping Liu, Zhangli Hu, Hua Li, Kangchen Wang, Lingzheng Wu (link)
- “Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on viscosity of cement-based pastes“, Authors: Ivan Navarrete, Yahya Kurama, Nestor Escalona, Wernher Brevis, Mauricio Lopez (link)
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> .. The viscosity of the cementitious paste is more affected by the solid volume fraction, which is determined by the water-to-cementitious materials ratio, than by the properties of the cementitious particles. The interparticle force is a good predictor of the bonding strength of cementitious particles, and the combined effect of particle number density and solid volume fraction is a good estimator of the amount of contact points of this network, which explains most of the observed variability in the viscosity of cementitious paste. The viscosity of cementitious paste is more affected by the number of contact points between the cementitious particles than the interparticle force between them. The interparticle force is influenced by the surface roughness and sphericity of the cementitious materials.
- “3D Printing/Addictive Manufacturing“, Author: Omoseni Adepoju (link), Chapter in the book “Re-skilling Human Resources for Construction 4.0”
- Selected take-away key point (highlighted interesting point a.k.a. “why should you care“) –> .. For the construction industry to fully implement 3D printing, there is a need for reskilling and upskilling. Effective adoption of this technology requires both soft and technical skills. These include software designing, modelling, graphics, safety management, creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, finishing and intellectual property protection.
B. Related/selected news clippings collection:
- “3D printed construction startup Tvasta receives Rs 3 cr investment” (link)
- Quote: According to UN-Habitat, an estimated 1.6 billion people lack adequate housing today, with global demand for affordable housing growing by 4000 units every hour. In order to reach more low-income households, Tvasta is working with the Government of India through its “Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana” (Housing for All) initiative, which aims to build 20 million urban and rural homes for low-income families by 2022.
- “Off-the-Shelf Bioplastic Helps 3D Print Geometric Shapes to Mimic Auxetic Materials” (link)
- Quote: …the energy absorption would be corresponding to a thick reinforced composite protective render measuring around 20 mm over a full-scale building wall. This could possibly resist the impact force of a car traveling at 60 km/hour.
- “Can startups build a better construction industry?” (link)
- Quote: The key to success is usefulness: The construction industry is stubborn, Strupule says, so it’s vital for startups to base their businesses in real use cases and solutions that give concrete results. This also leaves room for new players to collaborate with corporates — as long as startups are ready to provide tangible results.
- “Innovative 3D printed ‘fungi home’ and Apis Cor’s ‘IMpreza’ score big at architecture awards” (link)
- Quote: Australian architecture firm Simulaa and Boston-based construction company Apis Cor have gained prestigious local awards for the innovative designs behind their latest 3D printed housing projects.
- “The first 3D concrete printing scientific laboratory in the Baltics is opened, created by RTU in cooperation with Ltd. Sakret” (link)
- “A First in Turkey! İmamoğlu Visited the Building Built with 3D Printer” (link)
- Quote: Stating that İSTON has been conducting the study for a long time, İmamoğlu said, “Actually, we are talking about a very new application in terms of technology. A first in Turkey. Very precious and valuable. As someone who comes from this sector, I can feel that such a practice, such a fast manufacturing capability is very valuable.”
In a future (maybe even.. next?) iteration of our common journey/endeavor, I will be (potentially/tentatively) presenting *one* piece of scientific literature and *why* it is important for All (of Us) to know and apply… 3D Construction Printing-wise 🙂
Stay 3Dposted!